Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science
نویسنده
چکیده
Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches. Kew Words: Bayesian, CAR, change of support, climate, co-kriging, conditional, convolution, dynamic, Markov random field, MCMC, ozone, pde, spatial, spatio-temporal, spectral. ∗Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, 222 Math Science Building, Columbia, MO 65203. e-mail: [email protected]
منابع مشابه
Evaluation of Iranian electronic products manufacturing industries using an unsupervised model, ARAS, SAW, and DEA models
متن کامل
Hierarchical Facility Location and Hub Network Problems: A literature review
In this paper, a complete review of published researches about hierarchical facility location and hub network problems is presented. Hierarchical network is a system where facilities with different service levels interact in a top-down way or vice versa. In Hierarchical systems, service levels are composed of different facilities. Published papers from (1970) to (2015) have been studied and a c...
متن کاملAssessment of Guinea Savanna River system to evaluate water quality and water monitoring networks
The analysis of changes in water quality in a monitoring network system is important because the sources of pollution vary in time and space. This study utilized analysis of the water quality index calculation, hierarchical cluster analysis, and mapping. This was achieved by assessing the water quality parameters of the samples collected from Galma River in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria in wet an...
متن کاملDevelopment of a method for evaluating the environmental performance of ports based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)
Background: Evaluating ports' environmental performance as one of the two main parts of the maritime transport system is of great importance. This study was designed and conducted to develop a method for evaluating ports' environmental performance based on the fuzzy analytical hierarchical process. Method: The present study was conducted in 2020 with the participation of 22 experts in the field...
متن کاملMultivariate Chemometrics with Regression and Classification Analyses in Heroin Profiling Based on the Chromatographic Data.
The purpose of this work is to promote and facilitate forensic profiling and chemical analysis of illicit drug samples in order to determine their origin, methods of production and transfer through the country. The article is based on the gas chromatography analysis of heroin samples seized from three different locations in Serbia. Chemometric approach with appropriate statistical tools (multip...
متن کاملMultivariate Chemometrics with Regression and Classification Analyses in Heroin Profiling Based on the Chromatographic Data.
The purpose of this work is to promote and facilitate forensic profiling and chemical analysis of illicit drug samples in order to determine their origin, methods of production and transfer through the country. The article is based on the gas chromatography analysis of heroin samples seized from three different locations in Serbia. Chemometric approach with appropriate statistical tools (multip...
متن کامل